Silent but Preventable: What Everyone Needs to Know About HPV

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus that infects both men and women, often without symptoms. It affects the skin and the lining of areas such as the cervix, throat, and genitals.

How does it spread?
HPV spreads by close skin-to-skin contact, most often during sexual activity. It is one of the most easily transmitted infections worldwide. Most HPV infections clear on their own and cause no harm. However, some high-risk types, especially HPV 16 and 18, can persist and slowly cause cancer over many years. These two types cause about 70% of cervical cancers and can also cause cancers of the throat and genital areas.

How to prevent HPV infection?
The most effective protection is the HPV vaccine. It protects against the types most likely to cause cancer and works best when given before exposure to the virus. Safe sexual practices reduce risk, and regular cervical screening (Pap Tests) catches early changes before they become cancerous. For most women with normal results, pap testing is suggested every 3 years; women with abnormal results or weakened immune systems may need more frequent testing. Smoking, early sexual activity, and multiple partners increase risk and require frequent testing.

Who should get the HPV vaccine?
The vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls aged 9–14 (two doses, 6 months apart). People 15 and older usually need three doses (0, 2, and 6 months). Routine vaccination is up to age 26; between 26 and 45 it may be offered after discussion with a doctor.

Although, one major misconception is that the vaccine can affect fertility, which is completely false. The vaccine is safe and has no impact on future pregnancy. Another common belief is that the vaccine is only for girls or women, whereas it is equally important for boys as well. Many parents also feel that their child is “too young” to receive the vaccine, not realising that it works best when given before exposure to the virus, which is why it is recommended from 9 years of age. Some people think that if there are no symptoms, vaccination is not needed, but HPV infection is often silent. Addressing these myths is key to improving vaccination and preventing HPV-related cancers.

Dr. Hema Fouzdar Jain

Consultant Gynecologist

Lakecity hospital and KMC nursing home, Thane

Contact: 9920011506